Nutritional Recommendations During Pregnancy
We know pregnancy is a normal physiological process for women, but it puts an extra burden to the normal physiological process in pregnant women. The extra burden is due to the fast growing fetus as well as a part of normal physiology in mother’s body to prepare for the extra load/burden for optimal growth and development of fetus inside mother’s womb. During pregnancy the nutritional requirement is more then normal due to rapidly growing fetus and changes which occurs in the mother’s body, such as growth of uterus from normal of approximately 150 grams to 1,500 grams during full term pregnancy.
The nutritional requirement is approximately 10% to 15% more then normal requirement during pregnancy and this is applicable for most of the nutrients, e.g. proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and trace elements/minerals and other micronutrients. The calorie requirement is also 10-15% more then normal calorie requirement of non pregnant woman.
Recommended protein intake during pregnancy:
It is recommended that protein requirement should come from fish, poultry, white meat, milk and milk products, beans, nuts, pulses, and cereals (such as rice, wheat, maize etc. depending on local tradition and food habit). Avoid red meat, although it is very good source of high quality protein. Protein is essential for growth and development of new cells and repairing injured cells as well as for replacement of old cells. Protein is the basic foundation of all living beings and its adequate intake should be ensured during pregnancy.
Fat intake recommendation:
Fat requirement should be met from vegetable/plant source, as they contain high amount of unsaturated fatty acids (mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids) which are good for heart and cardiovascular health. Avoid fats from animal sources as they contain high cholesterol.
Carbohydrate recommendation:
The carbohydrate required should come from whole grain cereals. It is better to avoid refined cereals. Whole grains are rich source of fiber (which relieves constipation which may be a common problem during pregnancy), many vitamins and minerals, which may not be present in refined and processed cereals.
Vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients requirement:
Liberal amount of fresh fruit consumption can supply required vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients. Prefer locally grown fruits over imported fruits from outside. Some of the fruits recommended during pregnancy include mango, guava (very rich source of vitamin C), strawberry, banana (rich in carbohydrate and iron), gooseberry (richest source of vitamin C), grapes, papaya, melons etc. Consumption of fresh vegetables, especially fresh green leafy vegetables is recommended, which supply vitamins and minerals as well as adequate fiber required during pregnancy.
